Aqaaid

Q: What will be found in heaven that is not found in this world?

Q: A few days ago I was asking my friend what mazhab she follows (like Hanafi, Shaafi, etc.) and she said that she doesn't know what that is. She said that I must explain it to her but I don't know how to explain it.

Could you please tell me how can I explain this to her?

Q: My question is about sunset and sunrise. We learnt that one of the signs of Qiyaamat is that the sun will rise from the west. We know that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, but scientists say that it the earth is rotating around the sun. So the sun is not moving because the Earth is rotating on an axis around it.

In the Quraan or Hadith it is written that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west but before Qiyamat, it will rise in the west and set in the east. So this point is opposite of the reality that we know where the sun is actually not moving and is at the same place but the earth is moving. It seems that the Quraan and Hadith is contracting with the reality? How is it possible?

Q: Someone was speaking to me at a funeral and He said, "It's not fair. Allah Ta'ala is taking all the good people away back to Him." Isn't this a wrong statement?

Q: My mother used to teach Madrasah for the smaller children. I remember one day when she was explaining that Allah Ta'ala is everywhere, she said, "He is in the trees, etc." Trying to explain He is everywhere. Is this correct?

Doesn't everywhere mean that His knowledge is everywhere?

Q: If Adam (alaihis salaam) was the first human ever created then how come scientists are finding human remains that predate Adam (alaihis salaam)?

How is it possible that human remains are being found way, way before Adam's (alaihis salaam) time?

Q: How was the earth created by Allah Ta'ala?

Did Allah Ta'ala create all the animals and species that are present in the world today or have the species gone through evolution that made them so numerous?

Was the world that is today the same as when it was created? How long ago (in years) was the world created?

Was there a time when there were no humans in this world?

Were there dinosaurs in this world?

Also, I know that evolution through ape-like is not correct, but Darwin also says that birds and other animals have evolved. So for example, how there were birds with a certain type of beak but now those birds are on different places where their food is different so their beaks "evolved" into different shapes depending on whichever suited their environment better. Can we as Muslims believe this or not?

Q: Are horoscopes and zodiac signs true? I sometimes really get afraid that is it true. Please give me an explanation so that I can believe that horoscopes and zodiac signs are false. 

Q: Is it allowed to accept an invitation from non-Muslims during their festivals which involves shirk (ganeshotsav) and go and eat with them?

We live in a building with all non-Muslims and they gather at night and perform rituals of festivals, sing songs and listen to songs with music on loudspeakers. One non-Muslim has invited all people of building for food.

Q: If a person followed Arabic classes and the teacher at times would mention criticism about the author of the book in terms of the way he structured the book. If the student used to think that the teacher is doing academic criticism and if he thought this was okay, then later on when he heard the teacher, the way it sounded did not sound correct, if the person listened to the teacher thinking it was academic criticism and okay, would that amount to kufr?