Big bang theory

Q: I have a few questions based on the scientific theory of the Big Bang. I have heard some people using the following 2 aayaat to prove the scientific theory of the Big Bang

(١) أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ.

(٢) ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ.

Based on this I have the following questions

1. What is the Islaamic perspective with regards to the manner the earth was created ?

2. Is there any way to prove the Big Bang theory using the aforementioned aayaat?

3. If a person openly proves and advocates the Big Bang theory using the aforementioned aayaat, but believes that Allah Ta'ala was the being who caused the Big Bang. What is the state of the imaan of such a person?

4. If a person believes that the Big Bang really occurred and that it was purely a matter of nature's occurrence and not at all the doing of Allah Ta'ala, then what is the state of the imaan of such a person?

Delaying in shaving the head after umrah

Q: My friend came out of ihram without shaving his head. He was willing to shave his head but someone misled him that it's not necessary if umrah was done once before. He completed his sa'ee and asked someone to shave his head but he didn't understand or whatever that person said. He came to the hotel room around 2 am and in the morning I asked him why he didn't shave his head so he told me that I asked the guard in Makkah where to cut my hair and they said no need.

Anyhow in the morning I told him that its necessary to cut/shave the hairs of your head and around 10 am or 11 am he shaved his head. He was out of ihram for about 9 hours. What is the penalty, dam or something else?

Cash backs and discounts when using a credit card

Q: A few months ago, a technology company that makes and profits off smartphones and other devices (Apple) partnered with a US bank to offer a credit card.

The bank is responsible for all of the banking aspects, and the credit card is like any other one from a consumer perspective, offering cashbacks and rewards for certain purchases. However, these rewards are decided by the technology company, not the bank, such as discounts when purchasing that company's own products.

Given the the card is offered by a technology company, it's possible that the company pays for the difference instead of the bank. This would mean that unlike traditional cards, this one may not be paying for the discounts using interest earnings. Would using the benefits of this credit card be permissible?

Will a person become a kaafir by jokingly saying "you can lie"

Q: I’d like to ask if the following constitutes kufr?

In the morning, I asked my brother that did you pray Fajr? He said yes. Then later in the morning he told me ‘ I only said yes to make you happy so you wouldn’t pester me’ Then I said ‘ you can’t lie (even for a joke)’ whereupon he said ‘why not?’

Did he commit kufr by saying jokingly ‘you can lie’? Then later he said he did actually pray Fajr but he ‘joked’ to me that he didn’t pray it.