Calculating zakaat

Q: With regards to the valuation of stock for zakaat purposes, I'm aware that we value it at market value. However in that market value is it excluding or including VAT.

Q: If a person had missed Zakat of £1000 and all he had was £1000 in his possession and he bought a phone for £500 for example, what is the ruling on that phone - is it haram for him to keep, is it his property etc?

Q: If Zaid had a gold ring but didn’t have it in his possession and was told by a jeweller that it would be no more than 1g and so he paid Zakah using 1g but then when he got it, it turned out to be 1.7g so he paid 0.7g for the required years, was that correct to do?

Q: I read somewhere that you can deduct one years worth of "bond" or car repayments from the Zakaat calculation. I have a car and house bond with an Islamic bank. Can you deduct the next 12 months repayments from the Zakaat calculation?

Q: SARS is owing me a refund but pending verification. The amount might be more or less once they finalise. What amount do I use to calculate the zakaat.

Q: I made an intention that a certain portion of my annual bonus will be set aside for Sadaqah and Lillah. The money is not in a separate bank account but together with my savings. I have a spreadsheet of the amount what was spent and how much is still available for charity.

Do I need to include the amount into my Zakaat calculation, assuming that I have not discharged it as charity it for a lunar year? The intention is to still discharge the money as Sadaqah or Lillah.

Q: A person gave me R100 of his zakaat and asked me to buy a zakaat hamper and give it on his behalf to the poor. I bought the hamper for R100 which was inclusive of 15% vat and thereafter gave it to a recipient of zakaat. Did R85 of the person's zakaat get discharged or did R100 of His zakaat get discharged?

Similarly, if zakaat vouchers are given to the poor and they make purchases with it from a specific shop to which zakaat money has been given, and the shop owner has been informed that he should give the poor who come to him items to the value of the zakaat vouchers, and the shop owner sells them the items for the full amount of the zakaat vouchers but deducts 15% of the money for vat, will the full amount of the zakaat vouchers be regarded as the zakaat discharged or will the amount less 15% be regarded as the zakaat discharged?

Q: If money has been collected with the intention of building a house, then when will zakaat be due on it?

Q: A husband has custody of the wife's jewellery. They are currently separated - the mother in law had custody of it for 22 years as it was kept as an amaanat but zakat has not been paid on this jewellery.

Q: I am a young baaligh teenager and I have a share in a business with my friend. We have not yet cashed out and split the money. The money that is owed to me is more than the nisaab amount. However, we do not have that amount of cash on hand and so that is why we have not cashed out and split the profits. Is zakaat liable on me?