Interest bearing loans & Transactions

Q: From my understanding, scholars in India at one point gave a fatwa that it is permissible to take loans on interest, mainy because they were living in darul harb?

From my understanding Imam Muhammad and Imam Abu Hanifah was a proponent of that position. This position is the dominant opinion in the Hanafi Madhab?

I am asking because this is a fatwa that is in the works in my local community. I have never taken loans in my life and I don't plan on it but I would like to understand the topic further.

Q: I live in a country where all systems of the government are un-islamic. Most of the time our non-Muslim counterparts enjoy all the benefits from certain policies of the government. For instance, the government set aside a multi-billion amount of money to help small, medium and large scale entrepreneurs with a single-digit interest loan, having a single-digit interest loan by a good entrepreneur is viable but for the Muslim, even less then 1% interest is haram.

Consider myself as a case study, I have a viable business idea and I spent almost a year finding a way and manner to finance it, by either interest-free loan, partnership or any Islamic accepted way but I couldn't get it. As a professional accountant I have a "masters degree in accounting and financial management". I know how to secure and manage the government loan but I doubt whether or not it is permissible in Islam when considering the above situation.

Q:

1. If I borrow a certain amount of money from a person with the intention of paying back the exact amount to my lender but the money that has been lended to me is money that has been borrowed by my lender that has agreed to pay back with riba to his lender. Can I use the money knowing this?

2. If I lend a person money but the person pays back my money from borrowing from another person with riba? Can I accept?

3. If a person gives me a gift but I doubt if the gift is bought from haraam money. Can I take it?

4. I lend someone $180 but they pay back me $200 without me asking can I keep?

Q: I have opened an account in a bank and it offers a free ATM card. One of the features is that if you keep Rs. 25000 in your account then whenever the amount falls below 25k, a certain amount gets deducted on each transaction u make in that month in which the total balance was below 25k. Is it permissible to use such a bank account ?

It is not a saving account but free services like ATM, bankers cheque, sms banking are provided if a certain amount i.e. Rs. 25000.

Q: My mother passed away. She used to give loans and charge a percentage when people pay back. Is that money halaal for us according to the Shari’ah? What should we do?

Q: I know that it is haraam to deal with interest, but buying a house today comes with great difficulty and is seen as a need not and not a want. Can one use interest recevied from an investment account to offset the interest paid towards the house?

Q: I want to buy a car for my use but for that I want to know whether it is allowed for me to take a loan from a bank on monthly installments (interests) as I have no other way to fulfill my need. Can I avail that option since I am in need and also I have filled up the paper work.

Q:

1. I have a very old debt of almost 15 years back that some of the places I have the debt with has written it off and some is still charging me interest. Am I liable to pay this interests?

2. And on the other hand a friend bought things on my account also 15 years ago and the place is still holding me accountable, however the person that bought the goods have passed away. Am I liable for this account?

Q: I want to know about the Merchant Cash Advance from Shopify is halal or haram. Below are some details about the advance money they give, A merchant cash advance is a lump sum (called the amount received) that you receive from Shopify Capital in return for selling to Shopify Capital a set amount of your future sales revenue (called the total to remit). The amount received is deposited into your business bank account, and then a percentage of your daily sales is remitted to Shopify Capital until the total to remit has been completely remitted. For example, Shopify Capital might advance you $5,000 to purchase $5,650 of your future revenue, with a remittance rate of 10%. The $5,000 amount received would be delivered to your business bank account, and Shopify Capital would receive 10% of your daily sales revenue until the full $5,650 total to remit has been remitted. There is no deadline for remitting the total to remit to Shopify Capital. The daily remittance amount is determined by your store's daily sales, since the remittance rate is a percentage of your store's daily sales. The remittance amount is automatically debited from your business bank account. Shopify Capital is offering advance amounts between $5,000 and $50,000. The total to remit and remittance rate depend on your risk profile.

Q: Is it permissible to buy a house in the USA , as we have to pay interest on it, as most of us are unable to buy with cash?