Qa’dah and Salaam

Q: Should we recite At-tahiyat and Durood e Ibrahim with Tajweed? With Ghunna and everything?

Q: I have come across a Hadith narrated by Wail ibn Hujr (Radhiyallahu Anhu) on the description of the prophetic prayer in Abu Dawood, and there I found that we should raise the index finger from the starting of tashahud to the end of salah and we should slightly move (shivering/vibrating it in an infinitesimally small distance) but the people of my community raise their finger only while saying ash hadu an la I laha... (I know both of it can be done, but I would like to prefer the authenticity one) and so I did it up to now! Hanafi/Shafi school do it I think so, but could you please tell me what to do now.

Q: A person was performing a four rakaat fardh salaah. After performing the fourth rakaat, he did not sit for the qa'dah, but forgetfully stood up for the fifth rakaat. He then made ruku and sajdah in the fifth rakaat, sat for tashahhud and made salaam.

What is the status of his salaah? Is his fardh salaah valid or does he have to repeat his salaah?

Q: While sitting in attahiyyat, if I lift my hand from my thigh, does this affect my prayer?

Q:

1. When we read durood in namaz or in general we say Muhammad, so do we have to say sallallahu alaihi wasallam 4 times?

2. What are the rewards of just saying sallallahu alaihi wasallam, like how durood has its rewards? 

Q:

1. Can one read multiple duas that come from the hadith after tashahud and before tasleem?

2. Can one read one dua multiple times after tashahud and before tasleem like: Bismillahi ala dini wa nafsi wa waladi wa ahli wa mali Or Allah humu ini aoothbika minal mathami wal magram?

Q: In namaaz, after reciting the dua after durood, Rabbi inni zalamtu..., can we recite other dua's before salam? 

Q: What is the ruling on raising one's finger during tashahhud?

Q: Is it permissible to recite Surah Fatiha at the time of tashahhud if you don’t know what to say.

Q: What is the correct way of tasleem in namaz. What I know is, at the end of salah, should I start saying salam (assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah) when my head is towards the qibla and continue saying salam while I turn my head towards the right and complete saying salam after I complete turning my head. This completes the first salam. Should I turn my head towards the qibla then I should start saying salam when my head is towards the qibla and continue saying salam while I turn my head towards the left and completes saying salam after I complete turning my head. This completes the second salam.

I have observed the following three cases in case of three imams who are leading prayers. Could you please clarify if the salah is valid in these cases.

1. At the end of salah,the imam turns his head towards the right and after completely turning he says salam. Then he turns his head to the left after completely turning he says second salam. Is salah valid in this case? Why I am asking this question is , I have read somewhere (I guess it is from a shia person) that if you turn your head during salah your salah will become invalid. In this case the imam first turned his head to the right, by the time he starts saying the salam his salah has already become invalid.

2. The imam completes the first salam properly as per my understanding. But he starts saying the second salam when his head is turned towards the right and continue saying the salam while he turns his head towards the left and completes saying the salam after he completes turning his head towards the left. Is salah valid in this case?

3. At the end of salah, the imam completes saying salam when his head is towards the qibla then he turns his head towards the right. Then he turns his head towards the qibla and completes saying salam when his head is towards the qibla then he turns his head towards the left. Is salah valid in this case?