Woman's arm being uncovered while reciting the Quraan Majeed

Q: 

1. Is it permissible for a woman's arm to be uncovered during tilawat of the Quraan. (This is with a physical copy of the Quraan, not from memory) 

2. if a person is making tilawat using the app on their phone, can they read whilst leaning against something, or laying down? 

I learned that our arms should be covered till our wrists as it is part of our satr, and one should sit in a respectful manner when one is making tilawat of the Quraan shareef.

Deducting long term debts when calculating zakaat

Q: I have a question regarding zakaat. 

I follow the Hanafi madhab. I have an Islamic home loan and car loan (Musharakah Agreement) via an Islamic bank. The home loan is 15 years for the house and 6 years for the car. I also have a savings account for investment purposes and I intend to use some of the funds for Hajj. 

I have read via the an Islamic newsletter on zakaat that for long term loans such as home loans and car installments, which does not require immediate payment, we must deduct the money owed for a year and not the full amount. If I deduct the full debt amount I won't be liable for zakaat. If I deduct the 1 year payment only, I will be liable to pay zakaat. 

Please confirm if my understanding is correct and I must only deduct 1 years payment? Please advise if I must proceed with deducting the 1 year debt and not the full debt. 

Receiving payment after the death of a family member caused by a road accident

Q: I have a very important question regarding a past incident, and I sincerely request guidance according to the Hanafi school of thought. 

My sister and I were involved in a road accident, and sadly my sister passed away. We filed a legal case against the person who caused the accident. 

After a few months, some people approached our family for a settlement. They offered us 17 lakh rupees. However, the settlement involved replacing the actual driver with another person who agreed to accept responsibility in exchange for money. At first, we refused, but because of financial hardship, lack of education, and believing that the money could help us fight the case, we eventually signed the settlement papers and accepted the 17 lakh rupees. 

The person who accepted the blame did so willingly after receiving money, while the actual driver was protected. We are now using those 17 lakh rupees to build our house. 

Our questions are: 

Was it Islamically wrong for us to accept this settlement under these circumstances? 

Is the 17 lakh rupees halal or not? 

If we sincerely repent to Allah, does that make the money halal? 

Since our house is being built with this money, is it permissible for us to live in that house? 

If we have made a mistake, what should we do now to sincerely repent and correct it according to Shariah? 

We deeply regret anything that may have been against the teachings of Islam and sincerely want to know the correct ruling so that we can do what pleases Allah.

Working at a cider mill

Q: I would like to work at a cider mill near my home. They produce apple cider, and the majority of their products contain alcohol. Only two of their products, which consist of pure apple juice, are halal. 

Since I study Process Engineering, I would like to work there because the work is related to my field of study, and the experience I gain there could be very beneficial for my future. I also live close to the factory. 

Please take into consideration that I live in Germany, where it is not easy to find a company in which all processes are 100% halal. The cider mill is also part of a large corporate group that mainly offers drinking water and fruit juices. 

Would I be allowed to work there part-time?

Husband asking for the mahr back after divorce

Q: Can you please advise me on the following matter: 

A divorce took place approximately 13 years ago. The husband (and his family) are now requesting return of the gold coin which was given to the girl as her mehr when they performed the nikaah. However, in 2021 the house was burgled and the coin together with all other valuables were stolen. 

Questions: 

1. Is the girl now obliged to return the coin if it is in her possession? 

2. Considering that the gold coin has been stolen, is the girl under an obligation to recompense her ex-husband the value of the coin? 

3. If compensation is what she must do, then which value must this compensation be determined, i.e. at current value or the value 14 years ago?