Missing Jumuah Salaah

Q: If a male misses 3 jumuahs through work purposes but he had clarified it with his boss but had no one else to put in his place, what should he do concerning reading the shahaadat? The boss has promised that he will be getting a replacement.

Hajj for a woman whose husband doesn't have sufficient money to go for hajj

Q: My husband and I would have been accredited for Hajj this year but he asked SAHUC to remove our names before the list came out as he says he cannot afford it and Hajj is not Fardh on him. 

He does own 2 cars but does not have enough disposable cash to pay for the trip. 

Is Hajj fardh on him? I can afford to pay for my own Hajj

Folding one's hands in the last rakaat of the sunnats of fajr while sitting and performing salaah

Q: If sitting down and performing sunnat of Fajr, after the last sajdah of the salah, one puts their hands up again for Surah Fatiha, but remembers before reciting anything, and then goes to continue tashahudd, should a qadha be recited for this salah? And should one have made sajdah sahw in such a case .

Can the Imaam al-Muslimeen compel someone to discharge his zakaat

Q: I would like to inquire: if an individual deliberately refuses to pay Zakaat, does the Imaam al-Muslimeen have the authority to compel him to discharge this obligatory duty? 

I have read that the Fuqaha make a distinction between amwaal-e-zahirah and amwaal-e-batinah. Could you kindly explain this further and provide references from the books of Fiqh?

Carmine

Q: I’d like to enquire about the permissibility of the consumption of carmine. I have tried to research this matter on the muftionline site but mainly see the answer to avoid it. I’d like clarification on it being a halaal/haraam item thus its permissibility. 

I personally don’t consume it, yet a lot of products contain carmine & sometimes those from Arab countries that bear halaal logos, not finding a direct answer about its permissibility makes it a bit more difficult to warn family members from it’s consumption.