Trade

Selling an item not yet in one's possession

Q: Is it permissible for a supplier to:

1. Sell/enter into deals for goods not yet in his possession (not physically present), but the goods have been paid for. The goods maybe in transit or for some other reason not yet in his possession.

2.) Sell/enter into deals for goods he has neither paid for nor does he have them in his possession.

3). Sell/enter into deals for goods that are in his possession but have not yet been paid for. (Purchased on credit)

Accepting a different currency from a customer and exchanging it for a better rate later on

Q: I work at the airport at a car rental. Now if a customer comes and wants to pay in Euros but we accept only Dinars, to make his work easy I take the Euros from him at the current exchange rate at the airport knowing that the exchange rate will be better outside in the city. So I accept those Euros and use my Dinars to give to the company and later take those Euros and exchange it in the market at a better rate for myself or sometimes I wait for an even better rate. Is this money halaal? 

Getting an item invoiced at a lower price when purchasing from a foreign country to pay less tax

Q: Many people do business and import items from foreign countries. Due to our country charging tax on the items imported, many people get the item invoiced at a lower price in the foreign country so that less tax is paid. I would like to inquire regarding the permissibility and rulings regarding this.