Zikr & Dua

Q: How can we make dua to ask for something during sujood if we dont know arabic? I've read that it is recommended to make dua in sujood.

Q: By reading the 4th kalima in the market, will Alah give us a palace (mehal) in Jannat? 

Q: Mera sawaal tha ke agar ham koi tasbih padh rhe hai or bech mai koi huzur e paak (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) ka naam le to ham tasbih rokke durur padhe ya tasbih puri krke or aise he ham tasbih padhte hue masjid se nikl jae to tasbih rokke maajid se bahar niklne ki dua padhe ya tasbih puri karke.

Q: What is the correct ضبط of the following Duaa: اللهم اجرني في مصيبتي واخلف لي خيرا منها?

Q: Once I delayed saying (Sallalahu Alayhi Wasalam) when I heard the Nabi (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam's) name. I think I did it purposely, i can't remember clearly why i did that. Is any change on me being muslim?

Q:

1. I would like to request the hukm of jahri and congregational zikr in the Masjid. One person initiates it and the rest repeat after him.

2. What is the recommendations of Hadhrat Maulana Thanwi (Rahimahullah) in this regards?

Q:

1. Can you recite Quranic duas when you are in the state of janabah state?

2. Can you recite the last surahs and ayatul kursi for protection when you are in the state of janabah?

Q: Can you say durood sharif when you in janabah(major impurity)

Q: Can you say durood sharif (salawat) when standing, walking and laying in bed?

Q: What is the best way to ask for something in dua from Allah, even if it seems like the thing is not in our fate? No doubt Allah does the best for us but if we want to ask for something in dua, please tell me some nafil or amal with which Allah grants me what I ask Him for.