Aqaaid

Q: After Allah, who follows in ranking and whom do we give respect to?

Q: The word Allah is made of two words; Al and lah. In Arabic Al means "The" and Lah means "Nothing". So does the word Allah means "The Nothing".

Q: What is the approach of moulid in the Hanafi madhab and their proof contrary to the Shafi'i. Can you please explain and clarify.

Q: I need to help a Muslim that now believes in Deism. How do I reignite iman in the heart of a Deist? 

Q: The food products that I buy from the market contains a halaal seal where the word halaal is written in Arabic. Sometimes the word ‘Islam’ is written. Can I put these packets in the dustbin after writing over these words with a marker?

Q: I am a science student and I have a bunch of math textbooks. These are strictly math textbooks as I understand. In one of the books, the author mentions solving equations in their multiple variable "incarnations". I assume the author means "form" because there is no religious meaning here as far as I can tell. In a different book, the author tells a short biography of a mathematician who was also an astrologer. The presence of such words disturbs me. I would like to know if there is something wrong with me continuing to read these textbooks and can I keep them or not. 

Q: Allah is god of everything, does it mean that Allah is god over Islam and every religion?

Q: What is Salafiyism and why is it bad?

Q: Are Shias kaafir?

Q: What is the difference between making a prediction based on the movement of the clouds versus a prediction based on the movement of planets?

For example, the weather man will analyze the clouds and their movements. He will say that there will be severe flooding in a certain area. People will understand that severe flooding in that area causes mudslides and damage to houses and death. Everyone accepts this upcoming natural disaster warning and it is not regarded as fortune telling or haraam.

On the other hand, the man acquainted with the planets will analyze their movements. He will say that, for example, the planet Venus is coming closer in orbit and the cold nature of Venus will have a cold effect in a certain area. He too will predict flooding or severe weather in a region. He too will conclude mudslides and damage and death. However, people will regard his analysis as fortune telling and haraam.

Whereas outwardly both parties analyzed natural phenomena of natural entities and made conclusions based on their experience and study. There is no invoking of devils or making an offering or doing a ritual with blood and najaasat.

Why is one permissible and the other astrology and haraam? Please can this be explained.