Transplants and Transfusions

Taking out medical insurance to do a liver transplant

Q: I currently live in Bangladesh. My father suffers from liver cirrhosis. I have plans to do Masters or PhD in USA. It is recommended for my father to do liver transplant but currently the liver transplant is not available in Bangladesh and in India it will cost 1-1.5 crore Bangladeshi Taka(currency), which is out of my reach.

When I start PhD in US, will it me permissible for me to buy an insurance for my father, take him to US and do the liver transplant and then send him back to Bangladesh? I cannot find any Takaful Health Insurance in US and don't know how the rest of the insurance work there.

Will it be permissible in a case like this? 

Cornea transplant

Q:

1. Is it permissible to undergo a cornea transplant? The cornea may be from a recently deceased registered tissue donor, or it could also be artificial.

2. If an artificial cornea isn't suitable/compatible and/or cannot be used, will it then be permissible to use from a donor?

Donating bodies, organs and blood

Q:

1. Is it permissible to donate organs? For example, if a family member or a friend is in need of a kidney, are you allowed to donate your kidney?

2. Is it permissible to donate a body for medical research?

3. What is the Islamic ruling for donating blood?

4. If a family member is on a ventilation machine and there is no hope of recovery, is it permissible to disconnect it?