Performing nikaah in a different language

Q: I had a few questions regarding nikaah:

1. What is the correct procedure for nikaah? What does it involve and how is it done?

2. If the bride's father is alive but does not wish to attend the nikaah, can the bride's brother be her wali? Is the nikaah valid without the presence of the father?

3. Does it matter which language the nikaah is performed - for example, if the bride or groom or witnesses do not understand what is said by whoever is performing the nikaah, is the nikaah valid? Also, does ijaab and qabool have to be said in Arabic?

Committing zina

Q: I have committed a shameful sin and I want you to help me to get over with it. I made a promise to Allah Ta'ala that I won’t masturbate for the following days but instead I had sex (Astaghfirullah Astaghfirullah Astaghfirullah). I could not control myself and I did this shameful act of sin. Now I am feeling guilty and I request you to enlighten me regarding my promise (is it broken or not as I promised not to masturbate but instead had sex) and if my promise is broken what kaffara do I have to make?

Not fulfilling a vow

Q: My wife has asked this question, she lost something and in emotion she made a mannat that she will recite 11 times Surah Yaseen, 5 times the next day and 6 times the day after when she will find that thing. Now she has found that thing but forgot to recite the first day, i.e. 5 times Surah Yaseen. The question is, is there any kafarah for that?

Determining compatibility between spouses by matching their names and dates of birth

Q: I'm a 22 year old female and I have a friend who believes in hisaab. He wants to get married but he went to the imam to ask him whether he is compatible with the girl. So the imam asked for her name and date of birth to determine compatibility and whether she would be a good wife; how she will be with him and his family. He also predicted that my friend would most likely remain unmarried because he won't find anyone compatible to him. And my friend doesn't know how he used names and date of birth to determine compatibility because the imam went into a different room.

I told my friend that this is haraam in our religion because only Allah knows our future and this is no different than going to a fortune teller or believing in astrology and horoscopes and it's clearly mentioned in Islam that this is haraam because it's associating with Allah, but he doesn't believe me. I'm very worried for him and I would like to know from a knowledgeable person if this is allowed in Islam.