Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: I wanted to know from when do we start to fast for zul hijjah?

Q: A person while fasting in Ramadhaan masturbates by rubbing himself on the bed. What is the status of the roza? Is he supposed to do qaza or kaffara?

Q: On the first day of Ramadhaan I did not know about the 18 degrees fajr time so I ate suhoor after fajr entered according to 18 degrees fajr time. After the first day I found out about the 18 degrees fajr time and how its more accurate than 15 degrees so I started following that after the first day. Regarding that first day, since I did not know about the 18 degrees fajr time, do I have to make it up? And do I have to make it up immediately after Ramadhaan or any time up until the next Ramadhaan?

Q: If one is making a fardh ghusl whilst in the state of fasting, does one have to wash the nose upto the soft bone?

Q: I recently learnt in my madresa that we should be careful when making ghusl in Ramadaan and that we should be careful when washing our behind because water gets sucked up and that will break the fast. My question is how should we wash the behind and till what extent, so that the water does not get sucked up.

Q:

1. While fasting can we put oil inside our eyes? Will it break the fast or make the fast invalid?

2. There is a amla oil ( gooseberry oil) which has very strong good smell. Can a woman apply this oil on head and go outside house as it has very strong good smell?

3. While fasting if we smell bakhoor (ood) without burning it will our fast break or become invalid?

Q: I would like to know about fasting on the 27th of Rajab.

Q: I am a student in Saudi Arabia studying in a private school in Dammam. Our school recently changed their examination dates. The problem is that Ramadhaan is during these days.

My question is that is it permissible for a student to skip 2 or 3 days of fasting for exams? I might not be able to concentrate on an empty stomach during the exam and while studying for it.

Q: Is fasting every Thursday right or is it a bidah?

Q: While fasting, if one swallows a food particle stuck between one's teeth, will the fast break?