Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: Can Sadaqatul Fitr be calculated by the price of flour, as in the place I stay, wheat and barley is not found (or very difficult to find), and dates are extemely expensive.

Q: Can someone put mehndi or hair color while she is fasting?

Q: 

1. Does masturbation nullify the fast?

2. If it does nullify the fast, does this person have to stay without eating and drinking for the rest of the day?

3. When he takes ghusl, will he just rinse his mouth and nose or will he gargle his mouth properly and put water properly in his nose?

Q: If ones Masjid went with the Saudi announcement of Ramadaan and it is known that the Saudis in this area choose to keep the the month of Sha'baan at 30 days. What should one do about the Eid Salaah when there Masjid will be observing Eid and ending the fast early.

Q: Can a person sitting for Sunnat i'tikaaf come out of the musjid to perform? Someone quoted the sayings of Saahibain i.e. that a person does not have to spend the entire day in the musjid rather he must spend most amount of the day in the musjid.

Q: Can we give Sadaqatul Fitr to use in the Masjid or can we give it to Imam the Masjid of the Musjid?

Q: We have a muslim business manager who has decided that Sunday will be Eid. Since when has Allah given this man the authority to decide that Ramadhaan will only be 29 days? We have now been told that we cannot put in leave for Monday we must wait until friday. So I said but they will only do the moonsighting on Saturday and not Friday as Saturday is the 29 day of ramadhaan. 

Q: Is it permissible to use Flavoured Lip Ice whilst fasting?

Q: When inserting eye drops into the eye, the fluid in the eye drains in the sinus passages (the nose and throat). Does this still validate the fast?

Q: Is it permissible for one to fast on only a Friday (nafl/qadha) without fasting on any other day of the week?