Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: While fasting, haidh began early in the morning, a few hours after fajr.

1. Is there qadha for this fast?

2. Is the ruling different for fardh fast and nafl fast?

Q: How we can decide when it's the right time to stop sehri?

Q: A friend of mine bagan keeping a Shawwal fast. About 10:00 she decided to break her fast although she did not have a valid reason to. Is this permissible? Or does one have to have a valid reason to break a Shawwal fast?

Q: If I intend to make itikaf for last 3 days of Ramadan but before sitting for it I get my period do I have to make qaza?

Q: When sitting down during salah, there is a build up of pressure in my vagina - I have a sensational feeling (involuntarily without thinking of sexual thoughts) is my fast invalid? I don't know if there was any emission.

Q: Would Allah accept your fasting in Ramadan if you recieve and give riba (usury) and receive income which is based on selling alochol products?

Q: Someone burps and feels like reflux will reach his mouth but he swollows before it can reach, does the fast break?

Q: In the state of Ramadan should I avoid gargle and sniff water in to the nose in major impurity?

Q:

1. I know a woman must seek the permission of her husband if she wishes to do a voluntary fast, but does she have to seek permission if she has to do a make up (qaza) fast from ramadan?

2. If a woman’s husband is not in the same country as her, does she still have to seek permission if she wishes to do a voluntary fast?

Q: I'm a mother. I have a newborn child. So I'm feeding him breast milk. So further coming ramadan, I would like to stop this ramadhan from fasting. So can I do it, is it permissible to not fast in ramadan?