Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: Someone burps and feels like reflux will reach his mouth but he swollows before it can reach, does the fast break?

Q: In the state of Ramadan should I avoid gargle and sniff water in to the nose in major impurity?

Q:

1. I know a woman must seek the permission of her husband if she wishes to do a voluntary fast, but does she have to seek permission if she has to do a make up (qaza) fast from ramadan?

2. If a woman’s husband is not in the same country as her, does she still have to seek permission if she wishes to do a voluntary fast?

Q: I'm a mother. I have a newborn child. So I'm feeding him breast milk. So further coming ramadan, I would like to stop this ramadhan from fasting. So can I do it, is it permissible to not fast in ramadan? 

Q: I have to make up for a lot of fasts I missed, as well as for some that were most likely invalid (due to issues with ghusl). Is the following intention permissible - "I intend to fast today to make up for a fast that I missed or one that was invalid".

Q: May the sunnah i'tikaaf in Ramadhan be held in a facility which accommodates and facilitates the 5 times salaah, including the jumuah salaahs. This is presently a musallah which caters for the residents in the area, over 300 Muslim homes. Consent dues have been granted already for the musallah to continue, alhamdulillah. The nearest masjid is about 4 Kms away which has a limited space for the mu'takifeen. Kindly advise if we could hold the sunnah i'tikaaf for the musallees of the area?

Q: When giving fidyah for a deceased person's prayers and fasts, is it necessary to use the fidyah money to feed the poor (those eligible for zakaat) or can the money be spent on the poor in other ways? For example:

a. In places where food is served to the poor, the fidyah money is spent on seating arrangements, such as providing the poor with dariyyan (دریاں).

b. Providing the needy with the money for a poor girl's marriage.

c. Just giving the money to the poor to spend it as they like.

Q: When having a cough and wanting to fast (nafl fast), phlegm has to be spit out of the mouth. Can a person fast in this case?

Q: Concerning the fast for Mondays, I went to sleep the night before intending to wake up to fast, then I woke up before sunrise and made the intention that I was not going to fast, and upon shutting my eyes I had once again changed my mind to fast thinking it is before sunrise and that I can do Sehri, however, upon checking the time I realised it was past sunrise and I was confused as to whether it counted as a fast or not, and I regarded myself as a fasting person and when another family member asked me regarding eating I verbally said I was fasting. However, I had a slight fear of not being able to maintain the fast throughout the day and therefore ate something upon making a judgement by reading some previous questions asked on a fatwa website. 

Therefore, Firstly was I counted as a fasting person in the first place?

Secondly, will making up the fast be necessary for me?

Q: If a female has Ramadhan qaza fasts to make up, would she get the reward of specific nafl fasts (e.g. arafah day) if she chooses to make qaza of farz fast on that day?