Ramadhaan & Fasting

Following the moon sighting of one's area

Q: Every year there come witnesses from people that they have seen the moon but the hilal committee dont take witnesses and says we can fast only if they will see moon. So as the system of moon sighting is not correct and also some people in society fast with nearby country. I live in Pakistan and people fast with Saudi Arabia. So can I fast with nearby country that is Saudi or any other country?

Masturbating while fasting

Q: I am a Muslim boy of 15 years old. Last year in Ramadan while fasting I masturbated but stopped the ejaculation but it leaked. Secondly same Ramadan I did the same except semen did not come out. Please help me and tell me what is the ruling on both of these cases. Please note that I am 15 and do not have that much liability. 

Breaking a qadha fast

Q: I know that we can break a nafl fast if there is an 'uzr (excuse). For myself as a diabetic, I assume that an 'uzr could be when I get very low blood sugar values which makes life difficult for me if I don't eat.

1. Is it also permissible to break a qada fast if you have an uzr?

2. If so, would you have to make one or two qadas? (i.e. do you have to make up the original fast as well as the qada fast that you broke, or only the original fast?)