Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: What is the condition of my fast if I masturbate without knowing that it is haram? This happened when I was 12 years old?

Q: It is said that we ladies should fast before and on the days of the Ijtima. Is this true? And should the men as well?

Q: I am a Muslim boy of 15 years old. Last year in Ramadan while fasting I masturbated but stopped the ejaculation but it leaked. Secondly same Ramadan I did the same except semen did not come out. Please help me and tell me what is the ruling on both of these cases. Please note that I am 15 and do not have that much liability. 

Q: Regarding the fasts of Aashura, I came across an article that states: In fact Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) states: Fasting on the ninth, tenth and eleventh of Muharram is on the highest level of preference. (Fathul Bari, under Hadith: 2000) Is this correct? Can it be practised?

Q: Can hazrat mufti saheb please tell me the mas'alah on keeping fast on سفر?

Q: I know that we can break a nafl fast if there is an 'uzr (excuse). For myself as a diabetic, I assume that an 'uzr could be when I get very low blood sugar values which makes life difficult for me if I don't eat.

1. Is it also permissible to break a qada fast if you have an uzr?

2. If so, would you have to make one or two qadas? (i.e. do you have to make up the original fast as well as the qada fast that you broke, or only the original fast?)

Q: I read that one has to pay kaffarah if one has intercourse during the fast. Therefore, no kaffarah if one commits the sin of masturbation. The person was unsure of the proper repentance so made the intention to pay kaffarah and fast 2 months. Sadaqah was paid to feed 10 people 2 meals for 2 months totaling $700. Having now learned that it is no longer necessary, does he still have to fast the 2 months based on his intention or would it be wrong as it is not prescribed as the expiation for his actions?

Q: Can one quote and practise on the Hadith which explains that fasting for each day in the month of Muharram equals fasting for an entire month?

Q: Some people say that it is not makrooh to fast only on Ashura, the tenth of Muharram, because it is no longer the practice of the jews in today's times. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) mentioned in the Hadith that we should not only fast on the tenth as we will be resembling the jews. Since the jews no longer fast on the tenth of Muharram, it will no longer be makrooh for Muslims to only fast on the tenth. Furthermore, they cite the following quotation of Badaai'-us-Sanaai' in support of this claim. Is this view correct? If not, then what is the correct explanation of the following quotation?

وكره بعضهم صوم يوم عاشوراء وحده لمكان التشبه باليهود، ولم يكرهه عامتهم

Q: Should fidyah (penalty for not fasting) be paid on behalf of a dead person who didn't fast for many years? If yes then what is the ruling of the number of years she didn't fast is not known? Detail of question is that my mother didn't fast for an unknown number of years due to negligence and because she was disabled to some extent for a long time but she was able to fast in that condition.