Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: I had 7 days that I needed to payback from Ramadan 2015 due to monthly menstruation. In Ramadan 2016 I missed paying back those 7 days and I did not participate in Ramadan 2016 because I traveled to Africa. For first time my intention was to pay back my fast there in Africa being the time would be less hours to fast and I usually leave it until 2 weeks prior to Ramadan. I was not able to fast or pay back missed fast because I found out I was pregnant and became sick with fever, nausea and no appetite. What do I do now that I have missed all those days of fasting and now I'm still having irregular bleeding on and off and I'm breastfeeding my 2 months old baby?

Q: Is there any basis for fasting the entire month of Rajab and Shabaan together with Ramadhaan?

Q:

1. I have read that one can only miss his fast if one is a traveller at sehri time. What will be the ruling of an individual who is travelling abroad but his  light is at afternoon time (meaning he is still at home at sehri time)?

2. If that person needs to fast, how will he do Iftar because different countries have different iftar times.

3. Also, will putting Vicks under the nose and sniffing it throurg out the day break one's fast? I have read that it doesn't because it does not have a body. Will that have the same ruling if one was to sniff Vicks from a tissue (i.e. putting some vicks on a tissue and then inhaling the subtance form the tissue?

Q: A diabetic, against the advice of a medical practitioner, fasts during the month of Ramadhan. Most days he manages quite well and is able to complete the fast. But now and then, he experiences hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar level) and then there is no alternative but to eat something immediately as otherwise it can lead to unconsciousness or coma within 2 minutes.

In the circumstances, what then is the penalty (if any) for each fast so broken and is it imperative to make up the missed fasts after Ramadhan or is one excused? And is Kaffara also payable and, if so, how much for each broken fast?

Q: I had been keeping my qadha fasts for missing it in Ramadhaan due to haidh. While keeping qadha I experienced haidh and my fast was broken. Do I have to keep two fasts to make up for the one that I missed during Ramadhaan as well the qadha or do I just have to keep one for the fast I missed during Ramadhaan?

Q: I broke my fast due to masturbation what is the kafarah? And once after breaking my fast through masturbation I ate as well once. In total I did it around 4 times.

Q: During Ramazaan while fasting, my husband raped me. When I refused to have relations with him, he violently raped me. Is kaffaarah necessary upon me as well?

Q: Can I break my fast without listening to the Azan at Maghrib time? E.g.: I'm traveling and I don't have the facility to hear the Azan.

Q: During ramadhaan, whilst fasting I got intimate with my wife. We did not have actual relations at first but satisfied one another using our hands. i.e: I made inzaal. And satisfied her using my hands. However after that before iftaar, thinking that our fasts are already broken, we ate food and we had actual relations. Will kaffaarah become binding or only qadha? I am studying aalim course and I know what I did requires a lot of reformation and taubah but from what I understand, there will only be qadha in this case and no kaffaarah. Please advise.

Q: Is it permissible to fast on the 12th Rabiul Awwal (the day of meeladun Nabi (Sallallahu alaihi wassalam)), in happiness of the birth of the prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wassalam) without thinking of it as compulsory or is it a bidat and a sin?