Ramadhaan & Fasting

Q: My mother passed away a few days ago. Is there fidyah to be paid for some missed salaah or fast? If so, how do we calculate it?

Q: I have a three month old baby who I am breastfeeding. The month of Ramadaan is approaching and I want to know whether I should fast. I am not sure whether I will be able to manage keeping the fasts. 

Q: Is there any special reward or significance for fasting on the 27th of Rajab?

Q: I'm currently 7 months pregnant and keeping my qadha fasts. Yesterday I unintentionally broke my fast 1 minute early thinking that was the correct time of ifthar. I realised later in the evening that it was a minute early. What do I do?

Q: An Aalim says: Traditional Eid-e-Milad-Un-nabi is Bid'ah. It is not Islamically right. But, it is true that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) himself celebrates the days Modays keeping Fast since it was his birth day, day of Hijrat, day of getting Nabuwat etc. I would like to know, if it is correct and if so, can we keep fast on Mondays like our prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam)?

Q: I have read in many places that masturbating during Ramadhaan fast breaks the fast. What if the person has done a lot of masturbating and the real number of fasts is unknown even after knowing this breaks the fast. But the number of fasts he broke is unknown?

Q: What is the sadaqatul fitr amount for this year in dollars?

Q: In bahisti zewar in the chapter of saum, under the section: the fasts of ramadaan (pg 310 English translation), there is a footnote (no 155),which says that when calculating the time of midday, then we should start counting from subah saadiq whilst our Salaah timetables suggest that we should count from sunrise and not from subah saadiq. Please explain.

Q: 

1. Asthmatic pump.

2. Nabulizer.

3. Drip.

4. Vitamin injection.

5. Dialysis which sugar patients use.

6. Use of oxygen. 

Q: Today a woman has the option of feeding her infant with milk-based formula. Keeping that in mind, is she still allowed to miss her fasts if she breastfeeds her child and is weakened because of it?