Salaah

Q: If a person left out a portion of tashahud (At-Tahiyyat) in Salaah, does he have to make Sajdah-e-Sahw? 

Q: My question is regarding the fidya for salah of my grandfather that passed away (May Allah forgive his sins and bless his soul). Our family (including aunts and uncles in Pakistan, USA and UK) decided to pay the fidya for his 29 years worth of salaahs that he didn't pray but the problem we are having is about the calculation of wheat as which country's wheat price should we consider. He got matured (the time when salah becomes farz) in Pakistan, lived in Africa for 10 years and also passed away there but his body was brought to Pakistan for burial.

1. Which country's wheat price should we consider? Paksitan, USA (my family resides here) or Africa?

2. After considering the wheat price, how can we divide the payment of the fidya in all the family members? If the wheat price of America or UK is considered then the aunts in Pakistan will not be able to pay as it is too much after the conversion amount in rupees.

Q: If a person lives in Middelburg and studies in Johannesburg, can he make Jhb his watan asli and Middelburg his watan iqaamah. He is in Jhb for most of the year. Only during his holidays does he go home to Middelburg. Middelburg is more than 80 km from Jhb. 

Q: If due to some disturbance, a person missed an Aayah in Surah ​Faatihah, does he have to make Sajdah-e-Sahw? 

Q: Is it wrong to say azaan is finished instead of azaan is completed?

Q: If a person read Surah Naas in the first rakaat, what should he read in the second rakaat? Is this for nafl and for fard salaat?

Q: Sometimes, I lose focus during Salaah for over 10 seconds wherein I remain silent and do not recite qiraat. When this happens, I silently think about worldly matters. I don’t do this on purpose. It just happens and takes a while for me to realize that I should focus on Salaah. Does this invalidate the Salaah?

Q: I was offering the four rakat sunnat before zuhr in the mosque. I was offering the second rakat when the iqaamat started, so I completed my salah like a two rakah prayer to join the jamaat. Will I have to offer the sunnat again after zuhr or is it permissible to skip it? And also should I do sajdah sahw when I repeat the sunnah to after the jamaat?

Q: I made a mistake in one of the prayers but forgot to do sajdah sahw and got up. Later I remembered and then repeated the prayer. Should I perform sajdah sahw in the repeated prayer? 

Q: If a husband and wife would like to peform jamaat salaah at home, would they stand just like how two people would normally stand?