Salaah

Q: During Salah, I have the habit of pulling up the sleeves of my pants/jeans, with my hands, before going into the sujood position. Does this action invalidate my Salaah?

Q: I know someone who has never prayed in his life!  From a Muslim background. When I say has never prayed, I mean that he has tried, but without wudhu and not really uttering the words of prayer properly, or even not saying them at all!  He is not really one who has abandoned prayer or has left the prayer, because he hasn’t really prayed or prayed properly in the first place.  So I said to him that he is like one who has never prayed at all. He is in his early 30’s, but he tells me that he strongly believes in Allah and His Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam).  He also mentioned that he knows and believes that praying is obligatory. He also said that sometimes he prays with the people who think he is praying properly, only to please them, but yet he feels tense inside when he is asked to pray with them, as he believes he is not ready.  He is never in a state of wudu before he prays superficially anyway. The thing is, he keeps saying that he will learn and pray when he is in the right situation, as he is not in the best of states at the moment.  I think he knows that pray is central and foremost, but neglects it and puts other things in front of him that he feels are more important right now for him. Please note that he also knows and believes that prayer is mandatory. He does not look down on Islam, and never mocks it!  So I don’t know if he is one who is not praying out of laziness, or by the information above, is one who is considered an unbeliever, because he is putting other things that he feels needs to be achieved first before the importance of prayer?  (I’m trying to advise him as best I can) Also the question on making up 33 years of prayer for him, if this applies to  him, is extremely burdensome.  With people’s life and work life the way they are these days, it would be very difficult.  We know, without question, that Allah (azza wa jal) deserves infinite prayers, but if he has to make them up, then this would be calculated at 60,060 prayers that is has missed! Could you shed some light on this person’s status as it would help me try and convince him not to worry about things and to take prayer seriously.

Q: When the hands are tied in salaah, should the fingers of the right hand be kept closed, or slightly apart?

Q: After the shahadah, should the finger be lowered to rest on the thigh or lowered to be above the thigh?

Q: What are signs of acceptance of dua or your hajat prayer? And what is the best way/wazifa to ask from Allah Ta'ala?

Q: What is the shariah rulings in light of (the Quraan and Hadiths) of appointing someone a مؤذن‎‎, (mu’aḏḏin) or someone is regularly call to
prayer (adhan) who is clean-shaven (without any beard)? To my little understanding a clean shaven person fasiq? Am I correct in my assertion?

Q: If I don't read salah on time and within an hour or less I get my haidh, so do I have to make qadha after I get paak?

Q: What is the ruling in Hanafi fiqh regarding rafaya dain in the salah of women and slave girls?

Q: Today at zuhr I had experienced a lot of doubts in the prayer and here is the list:

1. Weak doubt happened after sujood about back being straight in 1st rak'ah.

2. Whether accidentally extending the meem in Sami Allaahu liman hamidah, unsure.

3. In my 3rd rak'ah I stood straight up from sujood, and then doubted whether I made two sujood or not, as I was already standing I didn't go back and I could only be firm in that I definitely made 1 sujood but doubtful about 2nd and as 2 sujood is one of the essentials for a valid rak'ah I made full Tashahhud in my 4th rak'ah and stood up to let that 4th rak'ah take the place of the third in which I doubted the two sujood.

4. In the replacement rak'ah I doubted saying Rabbi instead of Rabbil Aalameen, but it's a very weak doubt.

5. During the sujood I then rose and again doubted whether I did 1 or 2 sujood, I think after beginning Tashahhud or maybe before. It seems like a pressure doubt, as. I don't want my salaah to be invalid. Anyway I recall having Rabbighfirlee in my mind and this just leads me to thinking its probably a doubt, "but what if its not?" 

Then during this with my wandering thoughts, after the Shahadah I said something starting with ashhadu and ending in Qadeer, but before that I already said the Shahadah so I repeated it mistakenly, even though I said something different.

Then said salaams and did two sujood out of forgetfulness and even in here I  doubted about saying the full durood.

What should I do? I have regular doubts affecting me in prayer and Wudoo'. Do I repeat the prayer?