Salaah

Q: What is the sunnah qiraat for the different salaah, and is it sunnah to recite it in all the salaah (i.e. sunnah, witr and fardh) or only the fardh salaah?

Q: “Quarter of the head is approximately the amount of the palm with the fingers.” So to estimate this, do I place my hand vertically on my head or horizontally?

What if some of my hair is showing and some of my awrah from my arm is showing? Do I need to add them up together? 

Q: I want to know if I will read qasr salaah if I don't know how long I will be on holiday for? Most probably it will be for more than 15 days but I'm not sure of the exact date when I will be returning home.

Q: I was reciting tashahud and I had to clear my throat and I wasnt sure if I had begun reading assalamu alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu warahmatullahi wabarakatu or if I actually already did read it and I should start reading assalamu alayna. I decided to continue by reciting assalamu alayna. Does this doubt render my salah invalid?

Q: What is the law of a Musjid-e-Kabeer and Musjid-e-Sagheer?

Q: My question is related to Salaah and flying by air.

Sometime ago we flew from Australia to Canada. We set out at around 7.00 am on Tuesday, and we reached at around 7.15 am Tuesday, on the same date. The flight was 17 hours, and in this time we didn't read any Salaah. In fact, the next Salaah we read was Dhuhr almost 24 hours later. Is this correct?

However, when we were returning to Australia, we lost a day, so basically a whole day's worth of Salaah became qadha. We jumped a whole day, or we lost a whole day, when we were crossing the international date line. How does this work? How do we calculate Salaah in these situations? Were we supposed to read any Salaah on the way to Canada keeping in mind the Hadith about after Dajjaal comes one day will be equal to a year, and so forth. Hence Salaah would have been calculated according to its normal time, as Nabi Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Salam had advised his Sahaabah? 

Q: I’ve noticed that in fard wudu, only a quarter of your head needs to me washed. And when awrah is shown during salah, then only if it is under a quarter, the salah is deemed valid.

Today a little strand of my hair was showing during salah. I’d like to know how to measure a quarter of my head.

Q: A few men performing jamaat salaah in the masjid or individual salaah at home where there's small lizard's faeces scattered around. It got smeared on their palms, knees, etc. with or without their knowledge. Will their salaah be valid? Is the faeces of small lizard's clean or unclean?

Q: I performed the 1st rakaat of a salaah individually with an unclean (impure) trouser but I realized this during the 2nd rakaat. What do I have to do to correct the salaah ?

Q: I mistakenly stood up after the last sajdah of the last rakaat of salaah. How should I proceed with the salaah to make it valid?