Salaah

Q: I have a few questions regarding a late comer joining salaah:

1.Is it important to recite sana once you standup to complete your prayer?

2. What if sana was recited when the person joined in the 2nd, 3rd or 4th rakaat

3. Due to misunderstanding and following someone, if a person follows a different procedure to complete the missed rakaats in salaah for a couple of years and now he comes to know correct Hanafi procedure, will his passed salaahs be valid?

4. Is the below procedure correct as per Hanafi mazhab: If a person joins jamaat salaah and says salaam at the end of the 2nd rakaat and after salam he stands up and doesnt read sana and treats this rakat as the 4th rakaat. He only recites surah fatiha and completes his salah. Is his salaah valid or does he have to stand up recite sana, surah fatiha and a surah to complete his salah?

Q: What are the different tasbeehat that we can recite in sujood besides سبحان ربي الأعلى?

Q: Can I perform salatul tasbeeh namaz in 2-2 rakaats?

Q: I read somewhere that you cannot lift your foot in prayer and it invalidates the prayer. But when I stand up from the sitting or prostration posture, I need to adjust my feet so that I am again facing qibla directly (my body seems to be a bit lost of the previous position). I heard it invalidates prayer. Hence if I am very slightly not facing qibla, I would just not lift my feet to adjust it. What should I do? 

Q: I know that one should read longer Qiraat in the first rakat than the second rakat and that one should not skip an in-between Surah between rakats unless the rakat one skips is long. This applies to Fard salaah. My questions are:

1. What is meant by "long" Qiraat? Is this the number of lines or the number of ayaat?

2. Does the Qiraat have to get progressively shorter for the nafl and Sunnah rakats of Sunnat-e-Muakkadah and Sunnat-e-Ghair-Muakkadah as well?

3. Can you skip an in-between Surah in the Nafl and Sunnah salaah?

Q: I heard that when reading Surah Fatihah, you need to make the sound of the “dal” in “wa lad-daaalleen” longer, till 6 seconds. However, it is difficult for me to count how many seconds and often I finish it in 3 second or so. Is my prayer valid even if I do it deliberately because I can’t count seconds when reciting?

Q: If a girl is wearing a huge ball gown for her wedding which is such that it is difficult for her to make sajdah in it due to the many layers, will it be permissible for her to perform one salaah sitting on a chair?

Q: I made a vow to read two rakaats of salaah everytime I do a certain sin and double the amount of salaah if I do it again. I'm doing this in order to help me completely leave the sin out. I want to know, when I read this salaah, can I make two intentions in one? Example, I read this salaah at tahajjud time so I also make intention for tahajjud.

Q: I have a friend who has a liver and kidney failure. She prays salaah laying on the bed because she can't move a lot. She said that in the middle of the prayer she suddenly sleeps before completing the prayer. Now the question is, is it possible to pray 2 rakat instead of four?

Q: Do we need to recite surahs in order as per the Quran Majeed?

If a person doesn't know this ruling before and afterwards he comes to know it, he recites in order, what is the ruling on this?