Salaah

Q: It is understood that performing Salaah/Sajdah in a place with najaasat is impermissible, with or without Prayer mat. But, I have witnessed many Muslims offering Salaah on the floor at offices, at railway stations, inside the aircraft, in trains, on the roads, on the deck of a ship/boat, etc. These places are frequented by many people returning from the toilets with their footwear on, which has a lot of najaasat. Will Salaah not be invalid for those who pray at these places with najaasat? I have had many debates with these people who justify that their Salaah is valid in these places.

Q: In Tahajjud salah can we take the Quran and recite from it?

Q: Following your question regarding making qadha of a fajr salaah started before sunrise but went over sunrise time whilst in salaah, what would one do if it is at a non makrook time? I.e. Asar beginning is at 3pm. One started zohr at 2.58 and finished at 3.05pm? What should one do and what is the condition of his salah?

Q: Is it sunnat to join your own ankles in ruku and sajdah?

Q: I have short term memory problem when I am praying salah. Sometimes I don't know how many rakat (rakah) I did, what shall I do then? I always don't know how many sajdah I did. If I did 1 or 2 sajdahs I don't remember. If I do more than 2 sajdah or do less than 2 sajdah would my salah be valid? I don't know if the cause of my problem is shaytaan. If I don't know how many rakaats and sajdah I did, what can I do? If I don't know, can I just do 1 more rakat or 1 more sajdah?​

Q: In Kitaab al-Asl of Imaam Muhammad it states that according to Abu Hanifa the imaam should not say "Rabbanaa lakal hamd". But in the same book Imaam Muhammad ask Abu Hanifa whether the Imaam should recite basmalah, amin and Allaahumma rabbanaa lakal hamd silenty and Abu Hanifa says yes. Why this contradiction?

Q: I have a problem reciting a certain part of the Tahiyyaat in Tashahhud. The part is: "...wa alaa ibadillaah'is salihin.." I have trouble pronouncing the last letter "n" out. Is it also permissible to read that part as: "...wa alaa ibaadillaah as salihin.." ? Thus "ibaadillaah" and "as" seperately, instead of connected as "ibaadillaah`is"?

Q: I have deep doubts regarding the authenticity of witr salaah of the Hanafi Madhab. I have asked a Sheikh and he told me not to read in that manner. Can you mention to me few authentic Hadeeth regarding this issue. 

Q: Is it permissible to read namaaz behind an imam who's garments are below his ankles?

Q:

1. A person in the state of Wudhu drinks some juice/fizzy drink/tea/coffee etc. Is it necessary to gargle the mouth before performing Salaah?
2. A person in the state of Wudhu chews some bubblegum and thereafter spits it out. The taste still lingers in the mouth.Is it  necessary to gargle the mouth before performing Salaah? The bubblegum was chewed in order to remove odour from the mouth.