Salaah

Paying for missed salaahs of a sick person

Q: My father is ill and unable to perform his salaah. I understand that I cannot perform the salaah for him. Is there any other way for me to cover up his salaah for him, and if so, how much will it cost to pay for his salaah? We estimate around 50 years without salaah. He has a house which just got paid off to the value of approx R800 000 and a car to the value of approx R40 000.

Muqtadi saying the takbeer when moving to different postures

Q: Is saying transitional takbeer (Allahu Akbar) when going to ruku, sujood, qiyaam obligatory upon the individual praying behind an imam or can he just follow the imam.

I have performed many prayers behind the imam and I thought I wasn’t obligated to say the takbeer besides takbeer al ihram. Would my previous prayers be invalid otherwise even if I were unaware? 

Repeating salaah if one found out that wudhu was not valid

Q: I was sitting after performing salaah when I noticed that there is a black, sticky substance on my foot through which water could not pass. It was the size of a whole round fingernail, and I had not seen it before.

Then, my brother told me that he saw it since 3 or 4 days on my foot. I had also led jamaat during these days. Will I have to repeat all the salaah that I had offered on these days? Will those who followed me in jamaat also have to repeat their salaah?

Women's satr exposed in salaah

Q:

1. I now wear 2 khimars, 2 shalwars, 1 half-sleeve T-shirt underneath two kurtas, and a pair of gloves (and I try my best to tuck in the sleeves of the 2 kurtas into them) until the wrists because my clothes are thin and quite see-through. After wearing these clothes, I feel comfortable, Alhamdulillah, that the satr is not going to be seen.

My question now is that if a woman goes into sajdah and if she is wearing a see-through kurta (and no other shirt) and even though her khimar (which reaches almost until her knee cap when she is standing) still covers her body during sajdah by draping around it but does not cover the kurta itself such that if someone (like an angel or a jinn) were to watch her from below the ground, they would see the kurta uncovered by the khimar but someone standing on the ground could not see anything underneath the khimar at all. Does this invalidate the prayer?

2. If two limbs are exposed during Salaah, each less than a quarter of its whole area, how can a woman know if it invalidated her prayer? What is the length she can measure to?

3. If a woman wears shalwar (which kind of shows her figure but is not figure-hugging like tights), then is her Namaz valid?