Miscellaneous

Image making

Q: Is Sharia regarding image making binding on all, or only on the Muslim community? Is there a difference between Sunni schools of law and Shiʿa schools of law on images?

Positioning of toilets

Q: When building a house, what is the ruling on positioning of toilets and the beds. I am aware that both should not be in qibla direction.

1. Is this from the back and front?

2. Do you need to be slightly off qibla direction or completely in the opposite.

Discarded items

Q:

1. A person had thrown away a large number office files. There was nothing wrong with many of these files. I retrieved one file from his dirt bin and have been using it ever since. I remember hearing a ruling that once a person disposes an item, it is permissible for others to take it without the permission of the former owner. Is this correct?

2. Secular students in some places go through the outdoor rubbish bins at the places where their exams are printed before the dirt is collected by the garbage services. They hope to find copies of their upcoming exams that have been thrown away due to printing errors and similar reasons. They do not trespass onto property. Is this permissible?

Segregation between men and women

Q: Males are seated on one side of a hall and females are seated on another. The tables are arranged such that the backs of the males are facing the backs of the females. There is a distance of four meters between the two. There is no curtain or anything separating the two sides. At any time one can look behind and see ghair mahrams. Both sides can also hear the voices of the other. Prominent Moulana's attend gatherings set-up like this with their wives. The organisers say that since they are separated and no one is forced to look at the other and also that talking to the other side is not possible, it is alright. Is this set up permissible? Please comment.