Salaah

Q: I happened to go to a musalla a few weeks ago. There is a courtyard separating the wudhu khana and the Salaah area. There was a lot of rain and it flooded the courtyard. People walked through to get onto the carpeted area. As I walked through, I had seen the droppings of fouls in the water which others also walked through onto the carpet. Others may have not seen it.

Is it necessary for me to inform the responsible people to have the carpet washed although they may have not seen it?

If yes, do the others need to repeat their salaats performed? If it is not necessary to inform them, what is the condition of my Salaah as I am aware of it?

Q: I have done some stupid things like missing my Salah. I have missed Salah for few years since I became an adult but I also missed my Salah a lot when I had a job and I now I don't know the exact number of Salah I have missed. Do I need to make up all Salah I missed? I have a habit of recording the qaza Salah down and praying it at a later date. Alhamdulilah now I read all my Salah but what should I do about all the missed Salah?

Q:

1. Reciting faatihah after tashahhud in second rakaat of a four rakaat salaah. Do I need to do sajda-e-sahw?

2. Reciting tashahhud after faatihah needs sajda-e-sahw?

Q: Without completing tashahhud behind the imaam in the second and fourth rakaah, is my salaah valid?

Q: Is it compulsory to call out the azaan for every salaah in a Jamaat khana where salaah is read 5 times a day?

Q: The shortest distance from Ext 11b, Lenasia, to SITA, Centurion, is 74 km according to Google Maps, but a different route measures 84 km. This being my daily commute between home and work, am I a musafir while at work every day, or is my being a musafir dependent on which of the two routes I actually used?

Q: When I am praying salah, can I turn to the left and spit thrice and say A'oozubillah because of whispering of Shaitan?

Can I do the same thing while making dua, whether my hands are raised or not?

I sometimes get whispers in my ears and I read A'oozubillah then spit thrice and continue making dua. It's not real spit, just the sound of spitting. Is it permissible?

Q: If sunrise starts at 6:26 am and I finished my Salatul Fajr at 6:26 am, do I need to offer qadha or not?

When does zawaal time end? 

Q: Could you please inform me about the minimum rakaats of Tahajjud namaz and can I perform it about 20 minutes before fajr azaan? 

Q: I massage over my penis with Roghan Beer Bahuti 2-3 times a week gently except the glans (front part). I have been advised to apply the above medicine. Can I perform namaz after applying this medicine?