Salaah

Q: If you read attahiyaat twice in one rakaat do you have to do sajda sahw and if you read surah fatiha twice in one rakat do you have to do sajda sahw?

Q: After reading namaaz behind a barelvi who believes that Rasullullah Alayhis Salaam is hazir nazir as he reads assalamualayka Ya Rasulullah, should one repeat the Salaah?

Q: We have read qunoot-e-Naazila in Jumuah salaah (for problems in Syria). Is it allowed and is our salaah valid or should be repeated?

Q: I have many years of qadha salaahs. I need to know if I can read my qadha salaah instead of the sunnah salaah. I know that when I am a musaafir, I am exempted from reading sunnah. What about when I am a muqeem? When fardh salaah is more important then sunnah, then please advise if I can read all my fardh qadha salaah in place of my sunnah of zuhr, maghrib and esha.

Q: If one is sick with fever and has a running blocked nose, if such person gets up from sajdah and because he could not breath properly in sajdah when he stands when releasing breath a sound like a short "eh" comes out unintentionally, does this break the prayer?

Q: What is the correct way to perform tahajjud salaah? 

Q: I want to ask whether I have understood a masalah correctly: In a book it was stated that according to some Hanafi ulama reading Fatiha in the 3th and 4th rakat is Sunnah, and according to some Hanafi ulama it is Wajib.

Then the book stated if Fatiha is read twice in the 3th and 4th rakat, there no sajdah sahw by ittifaaq.

Do I understand correctly that sajdah sahw is not due by ittifaaq because whether Fatiha is Sunnah or Wajib in the 3th and 4th rakat, it is not Wajib or Fard to go to ruku after recitation of Fatiha in the 3h and 4th rakat and it is permissible to read more, but since it is permissible and not Wajib or Fard, there is no delay for the ruku, hence by ittifaaq there is no sajdah sahw due if someone reads Fatiha twice in the 3rd and 4th rakaat, whether reading Fatiha in the 3th and 4th rakaat is Sunnah or Wajib.

But in the 1st and 2nd since it is Wajib to read a surah after Fatiha one would delay this Wajib if one was about to read Fatiha twice hence sajdah sahw is due because of delay. But if one reads in the 1st and 2nd rakat first Fatiha then a surah then Fatiha again then there is no sajdah sahw because going to the ruku after the surah is not Wajib or Fard and it is permissible to read another surah after surah. Hence no delay thus no sajdah sahw.

Did I understand this masalah correctly?

Q: If on the prayer calendar sunrise is at 8:38, and one prays fajr and right after the taslim one looks at ones watch and sees that it is 5 seconds are left to become 8:38 i.e. it was 8:37 and 55 seconds. Is the prayer valid? The watch one wears is a Casio Waveceptor which runs always exactly with the atomic clock.

Q: During Quran recitation or during the Zikrs and duaas while in salaah if one stops at the half of a word and after 2 seconds one continue does the Salaah break? For example when one wants to read "Alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin..." one says "Al..." after 2 seconds "...Hamdulillahi..." or one starts from begining again. Another example when reciting "Ihdinas siraat al mustakim..." one says "siraat al..." then one does restart from "Ihdinas..." Or when reading "...musteqim.." one stops after after "muste..."  then one re-reads it. Does such things break salaah? Also if one makes such an error that would break the salaah, if one re-reads the relevant place correctly again, does the salaah become valid again?

Q:

1. If I felt like a drop of urine came out during salaah but I was not certain, after salaah I saw that a drop came out I do not know if it was during salaah. Is my salaah valid?
2. I was also not certain if it came onto my clothes and regarded it as pure. Is this correct?